PQQ clinical brief
PQQ
Dossier liveBMitochondrial
Evidence strength
Developing signal
14 RCTs - 16 tracked studies
What it is for
Cognitive function / neuroprotection (primary human indication)
The clearest current human use case based on dose, outcomes, and clinical coverage.
What moves
Highest-signal biomarkers
Human linked
ALT
Hepatic and liver
Increased
Grade B
Hemoglobin
Hematology
Increased
Grade B
Top caution
Cyclosporine (calcineurin inhibitor)
Signal present in corpus; mechanism not characterised.
Evidence index
62
Authored product-registry confidence score
Meta-analyses
0
Pooled human evidence
RCTs
14
Randomized clinical trials
Tracked studies
16
Studies currently mapped to this dossier
Executive summary
Immediate brief
PQQ is a Mitochondrial with its clearest current use in Cognitive function / neuroprotection (primary human indication).
Developing signal human evidence supports the brief, anchored by 16 tracked studies, 14 RCTs and the most reliable movement in ALT, Hemoglobin.
Signal present in corpus; mechanism not characterised. Signal present in corpus; mechanism not characterised.
Anchor decision
Cognitive function / neuroprotection (primary human indication)
Best current human use case
Confidence
Developing signal
14 RCTs - 16 tracked studies
Read next
Cyclosporine (calcineurin inhibitor)
Pressure-test the lead caution before acting.
Reading guide
How to use this brief
1. Orient
Use the overview tab to understand mechanism, safety, scope, and where the current evidence still has blind spots.
2. Pressure-test
Move into evidence and biomarkers once the memo already makes sense, so the tables confirm or challenge the narrative rather than replace it.
3. Operationalize
Finish with dosing and PGx when the compound still looks useful and you are deciding whether it belongs in a real protocol.
Major warning
DPregnancy
Overview
Clinical posture
Start with mechanism and safety, then move into scope, synergies, and the open questions that still matter before going deeper into tables.
Primary signal
Mechanism summary
Read this as the shortest defensible explanation for why the compound belongs in the conversation at all.
Co-primary
Safety summary
These are the reasons this compound can still break trust if the protocol fit is otherwise attractive.
Supporting context
Evidence scope
Read these caveats before assuming the effect sizes generalize cleanly across every population or use case.
Generalizability
ReviewAll human cognitive function RCTs (shiojima_2022, itoh_2016, nakano_2016, tamakoshi_2023, ikemoto_2024) were conducted exclusively in Japanese populations.
Missing populations
CoverageNeeds replication in Non-Asian populations, African descent, Hispanic/Latino, South Asian.
Generalizability
ReviewDespite 16 corpus studies on inflammatory endpoints, virtually all evidence is preclinical (murine, swine, cell culture).
Missing populations
CoverageNeeds replication in Any human population with inflammatory biomarker primary endpoints.
Synergies
Potential pairing logic is useful only when it adds a cleaner decision path, not when it becomes an excuse to stack indiscriminately.
No validated pairing data yet
No dossier-backed pairing evidence is currently mapped for PQQ.
Research unknowns
These are the open questions that still keep the compound from reading like a closed case.